Fetal Lung Maturity Premature Delivery.

I've heard about some test they can do to see if a baby is ready to be born; it has something to do with the baby's lungs. Why is it done?
You are probably referring to a couple of tests that are done to evaluate the maturity of fetal lungs. When a baby is born prematurely, a common problem is immaturity of the lungs, which can lead to development of respiratory-distress syndrome in the baby. Lungs are not completely mature, and the baby cannot breathe on its own without assistance.

Why is it important for the baby's lungs to be mature?
The last fetal system that matures is the respiratory system. If your doctor knows the baby's lungs are mature, it aids him or her in making a decision about early delivery, if it must be considered.

What are the tests called that check fetal lung maturity?
The L/S ratio measures the ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin. Results give the doctor an index of the maturity of the baby's lungs. The phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) test gives either a positive or negative result. If the result shows phosphatidyl glycerol is present, there is greater assurance that the baby will not develop respiratory-distress syndrome. Both tests are performed by amniocentesis (see page 74). Other tests are being developed.

If the baby's lungs have not developed enough, what can be done?
The first course of action is to avoid premature delivery, if possible. If this cannot be done, tests are done immediately after birth to determine if the baby has surfactant in its lungs. Surfactant is a chemical essential for respiration. If it is not present, the baby's doctor may introduce surfactant directly into the lungs of the newborn, preventing respiratory-distress syndrome. The baby will not have to be put on a respirator it can breathe on its own!

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