Hydrocephalus.

What is hydrocephalus?
Hydrocephalus is a problem that causes an enlargement of the head. It occurs in about 1 in 1,000 babies in the United States and is responsible for about 12% of all severe fetal malformations found at birth.

How does hydrocephalus happen?
The organization and development of the brain and central nervous system of the baby begin early. Spinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord and must be able to flow without restriction. If openings are blocked and the flow of fluid is restricted, it can cause hydrocephalus (sometimes called water on the brain). The fluid accumulates and causes the baby's head to enlarge.

If my baby has hydrocephalus, can anything be done?
Hydrocephalus is a symptom and can have several causes, including spina bifida, meningomyelocele and omphalocele. Sometimes intrauterine therapy while the fetus is still in the uterus can be performed.

How is hydrocephalus treated in utero (before the baby is born)?
There are two ways of treating hydrocephalus inside the uterus. In one method, a needle is passed through the mother's abdomen into the affected area of the baby's brain to remove fluid. In the other method, a small plastic tube is placed into the area of fluid in the fetal brain. This tube is left in place to drain fluid continuously from the baby's brain.

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